Läsår 2023 - 2024

•   Applied Building Physics and Climate Performance SER22BF02-3001 15.11.2023-20.12.2023  3 sp  (SE22HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - different methods for measuring temperature and relative humidity
  - regulations and standards on the subject
  - using a thermal camera and analyzing reports
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - factors affecting the energy performance of buildings
  - basics of acoustic design of a building
  - site-specific humidity management
  - global environmental objectives on wooden constructions
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - heat loss from the mantle of the building
  - repair and improvement of energy efficiency
  
  The student is able to identify
  - special features of well-insulated structures

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Ensuring moisture performance
  Energy efficiency of a wooden building
  Building acoustics
  Site-specific humidity management
  Global environmental objectives

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  15.11.2023 - 20.12.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 14.11.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE22HP-E

  Lärare

  Leif Wirtanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Building Physics, Advanced Course SER22BF01-3002 11.10.2023-08.11.2023  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - thermal, humidity and flow technology of structures
  - regulations and standards on the subject
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - causes of moisture and mold damage
  - cold bridges and joints of structures
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - thermal and moisture behavior of structures
  - mold risks of various building materials and structures
  
  The student is able to identify
  - risk structures

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Thermal, humidity and flow engineering behavior of the mantle of the building
  Heat and humidity analysis
  Moisture and microbes

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  11.10.2023 - 08.11.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 10.10.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Design and dimensioning of load-bearing wooden structures SER22WC02-3002 17.04.2024-15.05.2024  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - use of load-bearing components in various frame systems
  - good properties of the load-bearing structure
  - fire dimensioning methods
  - methods of preventing continuous collapse
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - buckling shapes impact
  - torsion shapes impact
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - dimensioning of columns
  - dimensioning of the ridge bar
  - dimensioning of the xxx beam (maha)
  - dimensioning of the boomerang beam
  - dimensioning of CLT and LVL panels
  - floor vibration dimensioning
  - fire dimensioning
  - dimensioning to prevent continuous collapse
  - dimensioning of the three-joint frame
  - dimensioning of three-joint arch
  
  The student is able to identify
  - mechanical operation of building components
  - mechanical operation of the structure entity
  - structural weaknesses and strengths
  - differences in floor types due to vibration technology

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Articulated joint pillar and mast pillar
  Varying cross-section beams
  CLT and LVL panel
  Three-joint frame and arch
  Floor vibration design
  Dimensioning in the event of an accident

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  17.04.2024 - 15.05.2024

  Anmälningstid

  01.12.2023 - 16.04.2024

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Emil Jansson, Aku Aspila, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Design and dimensioning of wooden structure and wooden building stiffening SER22WC04-3001 11.10.2023-08.11.2023  3 sp  (SE22HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - use of stiffening methods in different frame systems and cases
  - good properties of the stiffening system
  - fire measurement methods
  - methods of preventing continuous collapse
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - the impact of buckling support on the whole
  - the impact of the torsional support on the whole
  - the impact of the flexibility of the stiffening system
  - impact of building height on stiffening
  - impact of building length on stiffening
  - impact of horizontal displacements on stiffening
  - the impact of the location of the stiffeners on the stiffening
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - dimensioning of the NR lattice tendon support
  - dimensioning of the torsion support of the beam
  - stiffening rigid wall dimensioning
  - dimensioning of the stiffening beam intermediate base
  - dimensioning of the stiffening log wall
  - dimensioning of NR truss top stiffening
  - dimensioning of the stiffening of a wooden high-rise building
  - dimensioning of the stiffening of a wooden hall building
  
  The student is able to identify
  - internal and external forces of the stiffening system
  - mechanical operation of the stiffening system
  - the mechanical operation of the stiffening system as a whole
  - weaknesses and strengths of the stiffening system
  - effect of stiffening on acoustics
  - the effect of stiffening on the vibration of the midsole

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Single rod buckling and torsion support
  Plate stiffening
  NR truss top stiffening
  Stiffening of a wooden high-rise building
  Stiffening of a wooden hall building
  Dimensioning in the event of an accident

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  11.10.2023 - 08.11.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 10.10.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE22HP-E

  Lärare

  Emil Jansson, Aku Aspila, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Fundamentals of wooden structures and wooden frame systems SER22WC01-3002 15.11.2023-20.12.2023  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - fire regulations
  - acoustic requirements
  - types of structures
  - frame systems
  - methods of preventing continuous collapse
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - different strength properties of wood products
  - moisture behavior of wood products
  - site requirements for a wooden building
  - product approval requirements
  - tolerances
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - assessment of the moisture behavior of the wood product
  
  The student is able to identify
  - mechanical operation of frame systems
  - effects of frame system characteristics
  - sources of moisture in wooden structures
  - structural lateral displacements

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Wood products for load - bearing structures
  Fire regulations
  The effect of acoustic design on wooden structures
  Construction types of a wooden high-rise and hall buildings
  Wooden high-rise frame systems
  Wooden hall frame systems
  Wooden building construction site

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  15.11.2023 - 20.12.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 14.11.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Aku Aspila, Johan Degerlund, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Master's Thesis SER22MT01-3001 01.08.2023-31.07.2024  30 sp  (SE22HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  The degree thesis is part of the student's personal competence profile. In the degree thesis, the student will apply theoretical models to practical problems. The student must also show that they can handle complex problems independently within their area of competence and can work logically and methodically. The student should be able to work in a scientific way and use reference material and external sources of knowledge.

  Förkunskapskrav

  The course Research Methodology is done prior to or at the same time as the thesis.

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  The thesis consists of a practical application and an associated theoretical analysis. The written design must follow Novia's writing instructions for a degree thesis. The thesis also includes a public presentation of the thesis and a written maturity test.
  
  The degree thesis can be started when students have sufficient knowledge in the form of approved professional studies and methodology studies. The work begins with students drawing up a work and / or research plan for the process.The plan presents at least subject choices, language, work title, a preliminary outline and schedule. The plan must be approved by the head of the degree program. In connection with the approval of the plan, supervisors are appointed for degree work.

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  The student's degree thesis satisfies the assessment criteria applied in this degree program at a satisfactory level. The assessment criteria can be found on the Moodle course for the concerned academic year.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  The student's degree thesis satisfies the assessment criteria applied in this degree program at a good level. The assessment criteria can be found on the Moodle course for the concerned academic year.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  The student's degree thesis satisfies the assessment criteria applied in this degree program at aexcellent level. The assessment criteria can be found on the Moodle course for the concerned academic year.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  01.08.2023 - 31.07.2024

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 31.07.2023

  • 30 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE22HP-E

  Lärare

  Emil Jansson, Mats Lindholm, Aku Aspila, Isa Melander-Ekström, Jussi Jalkanen, Johan Degerlund, Leif Wirtanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Research Methodology SER22RM01-3003 10.01.2024-29.05.2024  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  The course aims at developing student’s written and presentation skills of scientific research and serve as support for the individual master's thesis.
  
  Knowledge and understanding
  The student is able to:
  - review and comprehend scientific and technical documentation
  - understand the basic principles of different research methods in engineering
  - understand the principles of writing for academic purposes
  
  Skills and abilities
  The student is able to:
  - communicate technical and scientific material
  - plan and realize a research study
  
  Evaluation ability and approach
  The student is able to:
  - perform relevant choices of methodology for a research study,
  - demonstrate their ability to write and present for an academic audience

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  The course introduces the students to the methodology of writing scientific technical documentation and articles. The contents of the course are reading and summarizing scientific articles and documentation, writing and presentation of technical material and work. Overview of qualitative and quantitative research methods in engineering.
  - applied vs. basic research
  - the role of the universities in the society
  - scientific and methodological terminology
  - the degree thesis at Novia
  - ethics
  - how to seek information

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  10.01.2024 - 29.05.2024

  Anmälningstid

  01.12.2023 - 09.01.2024

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Leif Wirtanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Vitsordsskala

  Godkänd/Underkänd

•   Structural Mechanics, Advanced Course SER22SM01-3002 06.09.2023-04.10.2023  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - basic laws of mechanics
  - the relation between the actual structure and the support conditions
  - Hooks’ law
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - Euler's buckling theory and is able to connect structures to Euler's buckling theory
  - that the eccentricity of the load can cause a significant additional load
  - the eccentricity of the actual structure and is able to build a free-form pattern from it and to solve the additional stresses caused by the eccentricity
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - manually and with FEM programs to check the internal stresses of the more common structural models
  - the internal forces and bending of truss and perimeter structures
  - bending, shear, tensile and compressive stresses and deformations of structural members
  
  The student is able to identify
  - eccentricity

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Review of structural mechanics, statics and strength theory of structures and application of the theory in practice
  Stability theory
  Eccentricity
  
  The following skills are practiced:
  Making clear and professional calculations
  Presentation of own calculations
  Using appropriate sources to expand your own knowledge
  Terminology in Finnish, Swedish and English

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  06.09.2023 - 04.10.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 05.09.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Structural Mechanics, Applied Course 1 SER22SM02-3002 17.01.2024-14.02.2024  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - basic concepts and laws of kinematics and kinetics
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - that in stability theory, a structure can lose its load-bearing capacity as a global or local phenomenon the effect of the eigenfrequency on the regulations in the design standards
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - manually the eigenfrequency of the single-span beam and to check the result with FEM software
  - with the general FEM software, the buckling coefficient of the Euler cases and determine the buckling length of the structure through it
  
  The student is able to identify
  - eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes related to eigenvibration
  - torsion and buckling as a phenomenon

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Dynamics
  Stability theory
  
  The following skills are practiced:
  Making clear and professional calculations
  Presentation of own calculations
  Using appropriate sources to expand your own knowledge
  Terminology in Finnish, Swedish and English

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  17.01.2024 - 14.02.2024

  Anmälningstid

  01.12.2023 - 16.01.2024

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Aku Aspila, Jussi Jalkanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Structural Mechanics, Applied Course 2 SER22SM03-3002 06.03.2024-03.04.2024  3 sp  (SE23HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - plastics theory
  - torsion
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - how the eccentricity of a load causes torsion on a structure and is able to determine the torsional stress of a rectangular profile
  - in plasticity theory, the possibility of load redistribution and the conditions for the formation of a plastic joint
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - the stress distribution according to the plasticity theory
  
  The student is able to identify
  - the difference in the calculation of the elastic and plastic bending resistance

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Plastics theory
  Torsion
  
  The following skills are practiced:
  Making clear and professional calculations
  Presentation of own calculations
  Using appropriate sources to expand your own knowledge
  Terminology in Finnish, Swedish and English

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  06.03.2024 - 03.04.2024

  Anmälningstid

  01.12.2023 - 05.03.2024

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE23HP-E

  Lärare

  Aku Aspila, Jussi Jalkanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

•   Structural Mechanics, Applied Course 2 SER22SM03-3001 06.09.2023-04.10.2023  3 sp  (SE22HP-E) +-
  Studieperiodens (kursens) lärandemål

  In demanding and exceptionally demanding structural design:
  
  The student is able to apply
  - plastics theory
  - torsion
  
  The student is able to take into account
  - how the eccentricity of a load causes torsion on a structure and is able to determine the torsional stress of a rectangular profile
  - in plasticity theory, the possibility of load redistribution and the conditions for the formation of a plastic joint
  
  The student is able to calculate and examine
  - the stress distribution according to the plasticity theory
  
  The student is able to identify
  - the difference in the calculation of the elastic and plastic bending resistance

  Förkunskapskrav

  Bachelor of Civil Engineering or equal

  Studieperiodens (kursens) innehåll

  Plastics theory
  Torsion
  
  The following skills are practiced:
  Making clear and professional calculations
  Presentation of own calculations
  Using appropriate sources to expand your own knowledge
  Terminology in Finnish, Swedish and English

  Bedömningskriterier

  Bedömningskriterier - tillfredsställande-synnerligen tillfredsställande (1-2)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a satisfactory level.

  Bedömningskriterier - goda-synnerligen goda (3-4)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at a good level.

  Bedömningskriterier - berömliga (5)

  Students fulfill the objectives of the course, and in the relevant realization compulsory parts, at an excellent level.

  ---

  Prestationssätt

  Kontaktundervisning

  Undervisningsspråk

  Engelska

  Tajmning

  06.09.2023 - 04.10.2023

  Anmälningstid

  15.06.2023 - 05.09.2023

  • 3 sp

  Grupp(er)

  • SE22HP-E

  Lärare

  Aku Aspila, Jussi Jalkanen, Towe Andersson

  Ansvarig enhet

  Institutionen för teknik och sjöfart

  Utbildning

  Degree Programme in Structural Engineering

  Verksamhetspunkt

  Ekenäs, Raseborgsvägen 9

  Vitsordsskala

  H-5

Läsår 2024 - 2025

Inga förverkliganden har kopplats till utbildningen.